Heart of Darkness Essay - 1292 Words

Heart of Darkness Essay Morality has been interpreted in different ways throughout life, but there is only one true definition, which leads to the reality of what society truly is. Joseph Conrad uses narration in Heart of Darkness to explain and analyze human’s moral values. It is true that all humans are savages, but this savage nature does not make someone a bad person. If a person uses one’s savage features for evil and do not restrain from doing so, then it is the lack of restraint that brings upon the evil in humans. Restraint is necessary for the sake of mankind because it helps a person to ease into understanding the harsh reality of life. Morality is the ability to restrain from using one’s savage nature for the demise of†¦show more content†¦In the colonization of the Congo, the strong Europeans did not restrain from using their savage nature and took away all freedom for greed. The natives, which are cannibals in this case, are strong and powerful in this situa tion and can probably destroy the Europeans and take away their freedom as well, but they do not. They restrain from doing something that is wrong: winning an unfair fight. This concludes that because of restraint the natives understand right and wrong and the Europeans do not. The ability to restrain allows individuals to act morally and therefore leads to a much more stable society. Restraint not only allows humans to act justly, it also helps people to understand life and its cruelty better. The truth, hidden beneath the lies of society, creates negative affects to humans once it is uncovered. Humans use lies to cope with life to such an extent that the lie itself becomes the truth because it is engraved within the mind of the individual. The harshness of life is the realization that the life one lives is a lie. Sometimes this realization is so intense people cannot accept it and will eventually collapse, which will in turn cause society to collapse as well. Conrad uses the concept of the lie being the truth to show that humans try to make sense of life even thoughShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness uses character development and character analysis to really tell the story of European colonization. Within Conrads characters one can find both racist and colonialist views, and it is the opinion, and the interpretation of the reader which decides what Conrad is really trying to say in his work. Chinua Achebe, a well known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An image of Africa:Read More Heart of Darkness Essay2840 Words   |  12 Pages Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness does not explicitly deal with a struggle between war and peace: the conflict is a psychological, moral one; however, the text’s implications that society is a thin veil over our innate savagery, the darkness at the roots of Western civilization, reveals disturbing truths about the peaceful, orderly lives we take for granted. The key to understanding Conrad’s novella lies in ascertaining the metaphorical significance of the â€Å"heart of darkness,† a search which mayRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness981 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness The nightmare of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is found in its stark portrayal of madness under the influence of an environment filled with desolation. Its protagonist, Mr. Kurtz, was raised amongst civilized people, adapted virtues that were regarded proper in society during the Victorian era, yet when he travels into the Congo, where these qualities are of no consequence, he abandons them to become wild. To understand how Kurtz fell to this emotional corruptness, a readerRead MoreHeart of Darkness Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pages1. Some critics believe that in Heart of Darkness Conrad illustrates how ‘’the darkness of the landscape can lead to the darkness of the social corruption.† This statement means that if the environment is dark, then the people in that environment will match the surrounding feeling, which is dark and depressing. For example, if it is a gloomy rainy day, most people feel tired and not as happy. If it is a bright sunny day, the most people feel motivated to get things done and joyful. Yes, thisRead MoreEssay On Heart Of Darkness720 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: Heart of Darkness When reading Joseph Conrad’s stunning work of literary fiction, Heart of Darkness, one is transported to the Congo’s jungles itself and has to ferociously fight until the end. The novel is readable to those determined to reach the end; the words are arranged almost in a way that makes the reader feel the struggle of the Congo. Reading the novel is indeed a journey itself, making the end worth the struggle. In Heart of Darkness, the narrator is in fact not the realRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness1208 Words   |  5 PagesJoseph Conrads The Heart of Darkness is a dark and haunting tale about the search for a substantial and mysteriously powerful man named Mr. Kurtz. Heart of Darkness centers around Marlow, a sailor and also narrator of the novella. Throughout the work, Conrad uses an array of literary devices to suggest his style of writing. The title of the work itself, The Heart of Darkness, is an example of the use of metaphor. Darkness is a significant part of the books title conceptually. However, it isRead More Heart of Darkness Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness Darkness permeates every circumstance, scene, and character in Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness. Darkness symbolizes the moral confusion that Charlie Marlow encounters, as well as the moral reconciliation he has within himself while searching for Kurtz. Marlows morals are challenged numerous times throughout the book; on the Congo river and when he returns to Brussels. Charlie Marlow characterizes the behavior of the colonialists with, The flabby, pretendingRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness934 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness The dark thoughts, which are usually ignored and not allowed to be brought up in conversation, are pushed back into the remote corners of the mind, but have the ability to run free when man is in his most vulnerable state. Sleep, the unconscious. It is in dreams where twisted stories of malevolence and horror take place. The soul’s core is full of sin from the first minute man is born. Even Adam, the original man, who was born when the earth began its timeline, has sin runningRead More Heart Of Darkness Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pageslet the sexism of her culture keep her down. Adah would dislike the way that women are portrayed in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness because women are treated as though they do not belong in the real world. Women are treated as objects instead of people with thoughts and feelings. It is this treatment that Adah worked hard to overcome. Part II In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow, the narrator of most of the story, tell th e story of his journey into the Congo searching for the lost ivoryRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pages This essay provides an in depth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness

Domestic Violence Against Women in Canada Essay - 2257 Words

Introduction Intimate partner violence has been a significant issue for centuries in all countries. Since 1974, nearly 2,600 spousal homicides have been recorded in Canada (Bunge, 2002). Of these homicides, more than three-quarters have been against women. Although through feminism and the womens liberation movement, there has been a slight improvement in the incidences of violence against women, there has also been a drastic change in the perception of the issue by society. After reviewing the most recent literature on violence against women and victimization through intimate partners, it has become prevalent that there are now two crucial stances that are taken. The first position is that of the women being victimized as the†¦show more content†¦For example, changing nature of intimate relationships, increasing gender equality, legislative changes, policy and procedural changes, etc.(Bunge, 2002). Between 1974 and 2000, the homicide rate for women decreased by 62% an d the homicide rate for men dropped by more than half -55% (Bunge, 2002) which demonstrates the drastic decline in intimate partner violence including homicides. Secondly, one of the general concepts behind the literature examined would be the idea that intimate partner violence is now going through a process of normalization. For instance, popular womens magazines frame domestic violence in a way that normalizes the victimss responsibility while ignoring the role of the abuser and society (Berns, 2001). Individuals construct their own conceptions of what is normal and acceptable. These conceptions, what Cicourel (1968) calls background expectancies govern all social interaction (Berns, 2001). With the norms that society creates being the main control of interaction amongst society, it is clear that by allowing the perspective of intimate partner violence as normal will create unawareness about the issue and may perpetuate further issues. Women who have respect and power outside the home through community activities, including participation in microcredit schemes, are less likely to be abused than those who do not (Jewkes, 2002).Show MoreRelatedThe Women s Rights Movement Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagestowards the elimination of violence against women under the United Nations Crime Prevention and Justice Program. As it pertains to Canada, Lakeman (2006) affords that The Vancouver Rape Relief Center shelters over 100 rape domestic abuse victims each year. However, in spite of the great, motivating, and inspiring strides that have over the years been made towards the realization of gender parity and women’s empowerment (Human Rights Watch, 2006), a large number of women around the world are traffickedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Immigrant And Refugee Women1050 Words   |  5 Pages4. How can Canada protect and welcome refugees and newcomers? How can domestic violence against immigrant and refugee women be prevented? Some of the ways Canada can protect and welcome and protect refugees by; Making the status in Canada secure- This means that Canada should make permanent residency open to all including migrant workers. They should not restrict the Permanent Residency to only those coming for high wage jobs. There should be a legislation and enforcement to protect them effectivelyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gender and Domestic Violence1010 Words   |  5 PagesRelationship Between Gender and Domestic Violence Summary: This article discusses the relationship between gender and domestic violence. For many reasons, people commonly believe that domestic violence is more likely equal to wife abuse or woman abuse. But this prejudice is erroneous. On the one hand, because of the definition of domestic violence including dating or cohabitation and modern research finds that husbands as well as wives may be victims, domestic violence is not more likely equal to wifeRead MoreDomestic Abuse1347 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence has been an ongoing issue among couples in society. This violence is not something that is new; it has been around for a long time. Domestic violence, can range from physical, mental, and emotional. When a couple is in an intimate relationship or married, one of the individuals in the relationship tries to dominate the other partner by trying to control them. This is commonly called domestic violence. A vast majority of domestic violence cases go unreported each year. T his couldRead MoreThe Effects of Violence on Women Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Violence on Women Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in developing, as well as in developed countries. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, restricting women from fully participating in society. Violence against women has many forms in which it comes in, from domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All are violations of the most fundamentalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence859 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence occurs in all economic, ethnic, and social backgrounds of every society of the world. In Canada, 546, 000 men suffer from domestic violence; that equates to 6% of the male population (Family Violence). The number of women who are victimized through intimate violence total around 653, 000; that equates to 7% of the female population (Family Violence). The amount of abuse being directed towards men is essentially the same amount that is directed towards women. However, the familyRead MoreSilent Crying And Tears : Never Given A Thought1213 Words   |  5 PagesSilent screams and tears: Never given a thought ` I feel sorry for never reporting the domestic abuse to the police. Rape, violence, confinement, threats with weapons, death threats, stealing and destruction of property. I think he would be in jail for a long time if I had reported him. But I think it s too late. There is no proof other than the little bit of pain left in my heart from the years I wasted with a monster, caged in an abusive relationship.† (Jeanne) Jeanne wasted her five years ofRead MoreA Program For Change : The Exposure Of Peoples Experiences, Stories And Opinions About Harassment953 Words   |  4 Pagesand opinions about harassment Hollaback. (2015). You have the power to end harassment. Retrieved from http://toronto.ihollaback.org/our-history/. The main objective of this foundation is to spread awareness, as communication is a key resource for women (or witnesses) to converse about the issue of harassment that is taking place to many in a certain area. Victims around Toronto and the GTA share stories about harassment done to them or have witnessed. The point of providing a story is to take actionRead MoreAboriginal Women in Canada Essays1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of violence against Aboriginal women is my chosen subtopic that strongly contributes to the history of Aboriginal women’s struggle for rights and identity in Canada. To search relevant newspaper articles for this topic, the databases that were used were Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, as well as Canadian Newsstand Major Dailies. The reason these two databases were chosen was because Canadian Newsstand offered articles from multiple newspapers in the country, therefore providing me with diverseRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesaddressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner , such as the violence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation. Furth more the authors mention another key answer that I think could be a question, is what are the effects of domestic violence? Alaggia, Regehr

Case study on Leading Strategic Decision Making

Question: 1. Using the Ashridge Sense of Mission Model, analyse and interpret Googles sense of mission taking its recent corporate diversification and strategic leadership into account. 2. Critically discuss Googles approach to strategic decision-making and evaluate the resemblance and transferability, if any, to Grants (2003) findings on planned emergence in major oil companies. Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory suggests that supervisors have relatively high-quality exchange relationships with some employees and relatively low-quality relationships with others. Critically examine the usefulness of leader-member exchange theory in explaining productive leader-follower relationships. Provide practical examples of leader-follower relationships and the outcomes they generate. Answer: Ashridge Sense of Mission Model (overview) To understand the given proposition it is imperative to explain the nuances of Ashridge Mission Model and its implications. Ashridge Model Statement is a mission report statement as propounded by Ashridge Strategic Management Center. The four components include purpose, values, strategies, and behavioral standards. There is a startling resemblance of Googles sense of mission with Ashridge theory. The components of the theory are intended to explain the organizational culture of Google. Managers and the resources are occasionally searching for a sense of identity and purpose. The employees desire more than safety, pay and opportunity to develop their skills and competence (Herman et al. 2013). They want a sense of mission more than anything else. There are number of functions that a Mission may have in any organization. The external and internal functions include various aspects. The sense of mission entails to motivate and inspire managers and resources to higher level of performance . Also it delves in performing of resource allocation in a consistent manner. Here, providing a sense of directions along with promotion of shared values amongst the resources. However, the entire motive boils down to improvement of corporate performance. A mission statement is an articulation of an organizations mission (Stiegler and Gaba 2015). The definition of mission statement means a largely defined and enduring statement of purpose that distinguishes the firm from the rest and identifies the scope of its operations in product and in terms of market. The Ashridge Model speaks about creation or utilization of a purpose or mission, sense of mission and mission statement, by and large. Companies willing to integrate this model or theory would help them to fulfill the shareholders and stakeholders needs and benefits. It also helps them to think clearly about the mission along with developing of new Mission and clarification of an existing mission. However, a corporate mission shou ld not be confused with that of corporate vision. The ideology combines cultural and strategic motivators to guide an organization. The model is mainly useful for ensuring that the firm has a clear mission and the resources with a sense of mission (Holland and Nichele 2016). Googles Mission and Vision Ashridge Mission Model has its presence in Google. The mission statement of the firm in question is to organize the worlds information and strive to make it accessible and useful. In other words, Google is working hard to create new services and solutions for future. The firm has assumed to be one of the most powerful tools that take into account wide range of applications that are being processed in daily activities (Islam et al. 2013). Earlier, it had expanded the business by purchasing YouTube that were immensely popular in those days. In recent times, the company launched a new mobile phone named, Nexus One which is slated to compete with Apple iPhone. Furthermore, the firm is also developing an online operating system that may supersede Microsofts windows OS (Aguilera et al. 2016). For diversification of services and solutions, the firm had invested nearly USD 39 million in two entities which may be deemed green initiative. This step is recognized as corporate social responsibil ity of the organization. The pace of progression of Google is remarkable since its inception and the firm ranks third in esteemed business journals within a short span of merely thirteen years. Google was so far confined in various dimensions of technological advancement (Hu and Liden 2013). The firm has taken the route of diversification to ensure that it does not suffer if one of the wings faces a descending slope. The entity was surfaced as a search engine which was extended in the realms of social networking and host of online services and solutions that are enjoyed by countless internet users. Now the firm deals with mobile division, desktop applications and also Operating System. Artificial intelligence is something that the firm is planning to launch (Thomas et al. 2013). Working environment of Google and ergonomics and leadership practices The working environment of the firm may be related to Ashridge Sense of Mission Model. The firm encourages new ideas and nurtures them with sincerity. Google makes sure that the resources are paid in best possible standards with their skills, endeavor and competence. The firm has its units all across the globe which provides ample opportunities for jobseekers to work with the firm (Hubbard et al. 2014). The organization boasts of complete work culture which is supportive and friendly to say the least. It goes without saying that the firm is a huge profit earner wherein innovation is the driving force. The organization provides huge motivation to its resources at workplace which enables them to work in full potential. Google being the innovative and dynamic entity propels efficacy in its ranks which helps the firm to sustain the laid objectives of the firm. It provides flexibility to the resources and encompasses various modes of recreational activities which ensure that the resources competence and creativity at work never takes a hit (Uhl-Bien et al. 2014). On the other hand, leadership plays an emphatic role and hence considered to be of supreme importance. Good management and leadership are deemed to be the edifices of the organization and the firm in consideration is no exception. The leaders set goals and all the teams strive to fulfill the desired goals and standards. It may not be possible for the firm to excel in every projects but leadership makes it possible that the firm puts forth its best foot forward for realizing the goals and desired objectives (Stocklin 2015). Leaders take the shots as far as corporate governance is concerned. Product analysis and feasibility of services and solutions are something that is undertaken by the top brass of the organization. One of the most important facets of leadership is that Google have a vast approach to envision things out of the box and the managers keep an eye of the employees performance and initiate corrective actions if required. All these amounts to the aspect of adequate leaders hip which propels the firm to perform sufficiently and appoint the right and competent person for the job (Maas and Jones 2015). The leaders give their resources not only deliverables but also direction and a mission which ultimately makes them what they are in the business domain. This is exactly in consonance to Ashridge Sense of Mission Model (Kimura 2013). Google Incs diversification as a key element of success Google has been the frontrunner as far as diversification is concerned. In past years the industry had witnessed a paradigm shift with its focus shifting from core search business that had been popular over the years. Various experts argued that the firm had done the right thing to explore into other areas of operation. The CEO of the company is a proponent of Ashridge Mission Model. He opined that the company is still in nascent stage and on the cusp of a turnaround regarding innovative solutions and services (Martins et al. 2015). Changes have been observed recently with Sundar Pichai being vested with more responsibilities relating to core products of the firm. More than that, the management was able to give a proper direction to the entire firm which kept things on track by the organization. In recent years the firm had diversified its operations by tapping into healthcare domain and also revealed intention of making inroads into automobile industry. The firm is going in all dire ctions by and aspires to make substantial deals in automotive domain with the driverless-vehicle technology. The fact of the matter is Google has grown to be a vast entity in terms of operations and diversifying its core operations in various avenues (Godwin et al. 2015). The firm could not survive with a single strategy. However, investors are somewhat uneasy and precarious with the firms approach of mixing unrelated investments, businesses and acquisitions. The mission statement of Google and vision reflect powerful stature of the firm in terms of what it wants to achieve. The company being founded in 1998 has been observant of its vision and mission statement which leads to its current position as one of the brands to reckon with. The mission statement differs from its business strategies, like product development. Similarly, the firms vision statement impels the organization to attain new heights through rapid innovation and other practices. The success of the firm is frankly connected to the endeavors of the firm to fulfill the mission and vision statement. The vision statement of Google is providing access to the worlds information in a single click. The firms nature of business operation is nothing but actual manifestation what it states in vis ion statement. An instance would help in this regard. Google is by far the most popular product in its search engine service. The product facilitates people residing in various geographies to have access to information from around the world. The vision statement has three variables which are mainly, accessibility, worlds information, and a single click. The organization fulfills the entire worlds information element of its vision statement by the means of crawling webpages. The organization maintains huge databases which contains indexes of these websites. As a matter of fact the firm fulfills the accessibility part by presenting a host of search engine services and solutions to all and sundry based across the globe. On the other hand, the one click aspect refers to easy access to information. Google fulfills this particular component by presenting various innovative services and solutions such as Google Search (easy to use). Hence, it is clear that the company is complaint of its v ision statement (Salem Khalifa 2012). The mission statement is in conformity to the firms vision statement. Googles mission statement has four different variables mainly, organization, worlds information, utility and global accessibility. As mentioned earlier, the organization fulfills the entire worlds information factor by crawling webpages. The firm organizes the plethora of information by the means of proprietary programs or for that matter, algorithims. The company fulfills universal accessibility facet of its mission statement by offering vast services universally. Such means of processing and organizing of information aids in effective search results. Thus, it is understandable that Google complies with the laid mission statement (Garud and Gehman 2016). Strategic analysis of Google The firm is in conformity to what its mission and vision statement are. The organization is popular for effectual and innovative products, mainly, Google Search which specifies the firms statement. The leadership of the firm is in consonance to the universal accessibility constituent of the mission statement by making the firms services and solutions widely used. The innovative strategies add to the firms capacity to uphold the leadership the way it is in the industry (Rothaermel 2016). This colossal stature empowers the firm to maintain following of its vision and mission statement. Google should adapt its vision and mission statement in accordance to the variety of products that the firm presently offers. Google Glass and Fiber are the latest offering of the firm. The firms vision and statement remain identical though. Hence, adjustment should reflect present diversification of the firms products and solutions. Preferably, the vision statement should illustrate the future state of affairs of the company with regards to its diversified business. In true sense, the mission statement is meant to specify the firms intention relating to such diversification (Colquitt et al. 2012). Critical evaluation of Googles approach to strategic decision-making To effectively apply various strategic approaches and methods in various business environments a firm needs to be able to provide support each with fittingly differentiated culture and capabilities. Google has been successful in creating highly distinctive culture and ethos. The likes of campus ambassador programs, community approach and appetite for recruiting techies has contributed to its unique culture. Google has restructured its entire organization to attain ambidextrous move toward business, thereby benefitting both its ambitious projects and mature core business avenues. The firms move if a part of broader trend towards fission of business structures which is evident in corporate spins and splits. On the other hand, factors like capital allocation and taxation have considerable role to play in the same regard. It is imperative to apply more custom-made techniques relating to strategy and dynamic business environment which has been a key driver in terms of strategic management . This inspires effectiveness and dynamism to the business portfolio. The strategic thought process of most of the entities is shaped by the manner they go about their business (Fisher et al. 2016). Manufacturing units had a traditional foundation of a twenty century economy. The firms that create complex physical objects naturally plan their services and solutions in terms of lifecycles which ranges between one to two years. A technological giant like Google operates at a fundamentally varied pace. The web software changes constantly. The management does not plan rigidly but evolve it on a daily basis based on the response of the behavior of the customers. The firm has been successful in maintaining flexible approach towards strategic management and hence it has created thriving business products and solutions. This by far is a dramatic change as far as business history is concerned. Earlier, companies were normally smaller ones, volume wise. The larger is the size of the company, the more will it value planning along with long-term view. The factual reality is Google is one of the large technological entities who boast of flexible style of management which is opposed to rigid planning. Most large companies are run by professionals who hail from business schools wherein they get trained the nuances of traditional business affairs. Contrastingly, Google is controlled and run by engineering PHDs. Google follows scientific method in its management. It is evident in web design version of Google which says that everything can be measured. The Google executive version states that nothing really matters unless one can measure that. There are numerous instances in the past which states that companies were run by engineers. HP is a notable example in this regard. What makes the firm in consideration special is its combination of scientific method with rapid iterative development (Babnik et al. 2014). Secondly, the unusual aspect of Google is the ownership structure of the firm. Google is not a public entity. The management of the firm is not too keen in terms of annual returns or for that matter, quarterly returns. Most organizations have detailed and long planning cycle pursuing their goals. Google is just the opposite. The firm boasts of an unpredictable planning cycle while pursuing long-term goals and objectives. This is where Google scores over other players. The firms behavior over the last few years has evolved (Rashid et al. 2014). The investors convinced the CEO about the need of bringing in professional management to organize the company. In the year 2011, the firm had huge economic resources and was no longer a dynamic entity in the business domain (Cobb 2016). The firm faced severe threats from emerging outfits like Facebook, which was growing in leaps and bounds that time. Like social networking, mobile deserves special mention in this regard. Apple was posing threat in mobile which was doing great job in terms of integrating software and hardware for producing superior products. Google is less effective in the event of change in the firms original goals. Google frequently initiates projects that may deem to be important but later turns out to be not so vital. Google Docs may be a great instance in this regard. It was launched as a response to Microsofts MS office OS. When the later became weaker, Google Docs merged with Drive and created Dropbox in coming years (Auvinen et al. 2015). Resemblance to Grants hypothesis At the outset, the goal of this paper is to explore how to explore how the companys strategic planning ploys have been adapted to a business world which is characterized by unpredictability and rapid changes. The below discussion identifies various key features of strategic planning in a business industry that witnessed stability as well turbulence. Like petroleum industry Google had also faced strategic planning and the changing of role within the company. Notwithstanding the debate whether strategic planning has merits, it helped in strategic planning within the oil companies. The oil companies formulated strategic planning practices during the late 1990s or so (Bolisani et al. 2015). It also portrays how the practices responded to ever-increasing environmental uncertainty and turbulence. As strategic management evolved, interest in organizations strategic planning practices gradually faded. Various changes in oil companies pointed to a different role for strategic planning within the organizations. Strategic decisions were made as a response to threats and opportunities that surfaced and were integrated into the strategic plans. The purpose of strategic planning system was not to undertake strategic decisions but also how did it play within the companys management. All the companies exerted greater emphasis on the knowledge and communication sharing role of processes. This involved paradigm shift from formal presentations to face-to-face discussions wherein beliefs and ideas were challenged and various issues were identified. Shell and Exxon are notable organizations in this regard. Both had special emphasis over strategic planning which acts as a vehicle of organizational learning. To maximize the organizational learning, Shell attempted to make explicit judgments and perceptions within the strategy process which may be termed as mental mapping. There is a startling similarity with Google as the concerned (Amann 2016). Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is focused on the two-way relationship between followers and leaders. According to this theory leaders develop exchanges with their every follower. As Harris et al. (2014) stated that, the quality of leader-member exchange relationship can influence the decision and responsibility of followers. It has also affected the performance and the access of resources for the followers. Leader-member exchange theory can promote positive employment experience. It can also increase organizational effectiveness. In this theory, it has been mentioned that leader have to develop strong emotional bonding with their followers depending on respect and trust (Kimura 2013). This theory claims that leaders do not treat all their followers equally. It suggests that supervisors have relatively high-quality exchange relationships with some employees and relatively low-quality relationships with others (Tse et al. 2013). The behaviors and work related attitudes of these su bordinates decide how they are treated by their leaders. LMX theory of leadership refers to the process of interactions between the subordinates and leaders of the organization. The theory emphasizes that leaders of a company i.e. Google must maintain a unique relationship with every subordinates and followers rather than practicing one particular leadership style in the enterprise. On an organizational level, leadership refers to relationships between members and the leader that is based on commitment, respect and mutual trust. The theory is very different from other theories of leadership (Van Wart 2013). Other theories of leadership include autocratic, transformational, participative, democratic, transactional, situational, etc. All these ideas define a particular style of leadership implemented in an organization. However, leader-member exchange model put stress on the relationships among the employees more accurately leaders and their followers of Google. The theory is also known as Theory of Vertical Dyad Linkage that explains how le aders in organizations maintain a good rapport with their team members through tacit exchange agreements (Ambrose et al. 2013). Figure 1: Characteristics of leaders and follower and their interpersonal relationship (Source: Harris et al. 2014) As Hu and Liden (2013) mentioned that, the multitude of consequences can be measured in terms of the multitude of consequences. These consequences are like normative commitment, turnover intentions, empowerment, and distributive justice, satisfaction with payment and job satisfaction. Utilization of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory LMX is a descriptive theory that suggests that it is significant to find out the existence of the out-groups and in-groups within the company. Gu et al. (2015) mentioned that, this is the only leadership approach that makes dyadic relationship as the centerpiece of the leadership process. It shows the importance of communication in leadership approaches. According to Islam et al. (2013), the implementation of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory in the company Google has decreased the turnover intention of its employees. It has also decreased the role conflict within the organization. It has also increased the attitudinal and perceptual outcome for the organization. The LMX theory helps to assess the degree to which followers and leaders in the organization have mutual respects towards each others capabilities. It helps to develop a strong sense of obligation for one another. In this organization the in-group followers work as the advisers or assistances for the leaders. It enables hi gh-quality personalized exchanges with leaders rather than out-group followers in Google. These exchanges include emphasis of the leader on projects to interesting tasks, information sharing, delegation of important task to followers and taking advice from followers while taking important decisions (Azadnia et al. 2015). The example of good leader according to LMX theory The example of good leader can be found from this theory. Phil Jackson is the American professional basket ball executive. He is former player and former coach. He is presently working as the president of the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association or (NBA) (Kimura 2013). He is always the best man to represent his team. He had always tried to create a supportive environment within an organization. He provided his followers the freedom to express their feelings. As Tse et al. (2013) stated that, it helps them to realize their own potential. According to LMX theory, productive leader-follower relationships must help followers to improve their performance. The example of Phil Jackson just has proved this fact. He did not have the capability to delegate all the followers by himself. For this reason, he had developed effective communication between coaches and player. For this reason, his team was able to won many championships. According to Phil Jackson No leader can creat e a successful team alone- no matter how gifted he is. Process of LMX theory The theory is analyzed in the perspective of Google. Google is the company where employees are provided with enormous benefits. It is one of the most renowned businesses in all aspects especially in terms of best workplace. Employees all over the world provide positive feedback about the company. According to the employees of Google, it is one of the best places to work. The process of the theory consists of three stages namely role taking, role making and routinization (Tse et al. 2013). In the process of role taking, the leaders of the team point out the talents of the team. Leaders of Google are known for their leadership abilities. Leaders of different departments identify particular skills in every team members. After identification of the talent, the supervisor of the company tests their capabilities by providing them opportunities for growth. In this stage, a relation between the subordinates and the controller is started. Gradually, it grows deeper in due course of time (Yukl et al. 2013). The next stage of LMX theory is role making. In this phase, an informal and unstructured negotiation is occurred between the leader and the team member. Google provided a particular function for the identified talent. In return, of loyalty and dedication, the head in all aspects supports the selected team members of Google. Leaders of Google start building trust with their junior members during this level of the LMX theory. Trust building and betrayal both are the factors that can be a possibility in this phase. When the member of the Google faces this situation, then there is a possibility of transfer of the individual into out-group. However, success of the individual depends on the support given by the leader. The degree of achievement of this stage depends on the lower level racial and cultural differences prevalent in the company. In Google, a strong organizational culture is maintained. The management of the organization tries every possible aspect in improving the loopholes of the cultural issues faced by Google. The relationship between leaders of Google and their team members strictly maintains professionalism. The next phase of the leadership theory is routinization. Google supervisors maintain a pattern of conversations related to social exchange with their subordinates. Social relationships are also a vital part in this aspect as it is related to the psychological concern of human behavior (Baran et al. 2012). The example of good leader according to LMX theory The example of good leader can be found from this theory. Phil Jackson is the American professional basket ball executive. He is former player and former coach. He is presently working as the president of the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association or (NBA) (Kimura 2013). He is always the best man to represent his team. He had always tried to create a supportive environment within an organization. He provided his followers the freedom to express their feelings. As Tse et al. (2013) stated that, it helps them to realize their own potential. According to LMX theory, productive leader-follower relationships must help followers to improve their performance. The example of Phil Jackson just has proved this fact. He did not have the capability to delegate all the followers by himself. For this reason, he had developed effective communication between coaches and player. For this reason, his team was able to won many championships. According to Phil Jackson No leader can creat e a successful team alone- no matter how gifted he is. Benefits of following the theory by Google leaders The CEO of the company Sundar Pichai is known for its excellent leadership skills. The company runs on innovation, new product development, leadership and good employee relations. Every departments of the organization follow innovation. Google develops many leadership programs for their staff of all levels. There are many benefits of a leader following LMX theory. Google leaders experience multiple benefits in maintaining healthy relationships with their employees. The benefits include improved performance of groups, encouragement of employees in taking initiatives, influencing other members, extending capabilities and building networks. Employees of Google illustrate a small turnover intention with higher job satisfaction. They also highlight a well portrayed assistant leader relationship. However, it can be concluded that leaders of Google who follows the LMX theory of leadership are found to be more successful when compared to other supervisors of different organizations. The bene fits of Google leaders in their team are greater organizational commitment, low turnover, higher team satisfaction, and better work performances. Hence, it can be said that by practicing this theory, Google leaders gets recognition from the company in terms of excellent perfection in the results of the assigned work (Gu et al. 2015). Benefits of the subordinates LMX theory in Google not only helps in developing leadership for the senior leaders but also encourages junior executives to forecast their skills in the organization. Management of Google encourages employees to highlight their talent in the respective fields. Emphasizing on the employee relationships, the middle level management along with the lower level employees of the company are satisfied with their work. There are many researches done by many researchers regarding employee relations and satisfaction of employees (Mitchell et al. 2016). Every research report points out the name of Google in the top position in the above mentioned sectors. Higher degree in LMX relations results in greater access towards resources of organization. It leads to more benefits earned by the followers and subordinates of Google. When leaders have greater access to organizational resources, more benefits in terms of monetary and non-monetary aspects would be provided to the members. Hence, the employe es of the company experience more perceived influence from the enterprise with rapid growth in career perspective. Internally the subordinates gain confidence and energy to solve more problems that are complex. Leaders of Google also indirectly improve the performance of the team by providing benefits to their employees along with rewards. In this case, leaders can fully trust their subordinates that help them assigning complex tasks to them. Every leaders of Google use specific tactics for improvement of their team. In this way, many new leaders are formed in the organization. Employees get recognition along with appraisal with their improved level of performances (Carter et al. 2013). Concerns of the theory in the organization Apart from having positive aspects of the leadership model, there are many disadvantages and criticisms related to it. The concerns of this practice are faced not only by the leaders but also by the subordinates and organization as a whole. The role of leader and followers of Google are very different. The key responsibilities of a manager are more than that of supporters of the company. It is the duty of the leader to check the performance of the team. The supervisors often find wrong talent and forecast them in front of the senior management. It is a very negative drawback of the LMX theory (Harris et al. 2014). The supervisors must have in-depth knowledge about the each detail of the team members along with the designated work to the team. Failure in understanding the nature of the organization can result in disastrous results. Google professionals have to undergo many professional developmental programs for gaining perfection in their work. It is mentioned earlier that the compan y runs on innovation. Human resource department of Google hires real talent from different parts of a nation for a particular job designation (Govindan et al. 2015). In many circumstances, it can be noticed that lack of communication between the team member results in lower degree of LMX theory implementation at organizational level. Apprehension in the field of communication is found to be an inhibitor in maintaining relationships between leaders and subordinates. However, once a problem is found in Google, the management of the company tries to solve it as soon as possible. Otherwise, it can hamper mindset of other employees along with productivity of the enterprise. Another disadvantage of this theory is giving preference to preferred employees that is unjustified. Supervisors often prefer their favorite executives unknowingly in a particular assigned task due to biasness. It results in negative impression of the leader in the team. However, negative concerns in a company like Google are very hard to find, but miscommunication can be occurred in every organization. Proper communication channel among every level of employees along with understa nding of companys vision and mission is the available solutions for leaders and organization as a whole to mitigate problems (Churchland and Kiani 2016). Utilization of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory LMX is a descriptive theory that suggests that it is significant to find out the existence of the out-groups and in-groups within the company. Gu et al. (2015) mentioned that, this is the only leadership approach that makes dyadic relationship as the centerpiece of the leadership process. It shows the importance of communication in leadership approaches. According to Islam et al. (2013), the implementation of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory in the company Google has decreased the turnover intention of its employees. It has also decreased the role conflict within the organization. It has also increased the attitudinal and perceptual outcome for the organization. The LMX theory helps to assess the degree to which followers and leaders in the organization have mutual respects towards each others capabilities. It helps to develop a strong sense of obligation for one another. In this organization the in-group followers work as the advisers or assistances for the leaders. It enables hi gh-quality personalized exchanges with leaders rather than out-group followers in Google. These exchanges include emphasis of the leader on projects to interesting tasks, information sharing, delegation of important task to followers and taking advice from followers while taking important decisions (Forgang 2015). 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Regard Customer And The Sales Objective †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Regard Customer And The Sales Objective Answer: Introduction This report creates the market planning for launching a new product that is Bio-magnetic wrist watch in the Australian market that incorporates latest electronics technologies for the fingers touch and activities. The report analyzes the external and internal environment of the business is launching a new product in the market of Australia such as marketing, industry, competitors, consumers, company. The report also determines the main threats, opportunities, strength and weakness and the main problems that will be directed accessed in the plan, creating suitable strategies in order to implement a marketing strategy plan, determining the appropriate control techniques for marketing strategy plan and suitable measures to evaluate a marketing strategy plan. Steps of marketing plan According to Ernst et al. (2010), the marketing planning for launching Bio-magnetic watch in the market consist several steps which are explained below: Situational analysis Situational analysis is a collection of techniques that supervisor use in order to examine an organizations external and internal environment to comprehend the business potential, consumers and business environment (Hollensen, 2015). Micro-environment Micro factors are those factors which directly impact the organization. The main micro-factors which affect the company are as follows: Intermediaries The company can use various intermediaries which are the middlemen that are retailers, agents, distributing market service business for the watch. Customers The customers buy the product only when it fulfills their objective. Biomagnetic wrist watch helps the people in maintaining energy level rises and balanced. This watch offers a whole wellness by restorative nerves and improving the blood flow. Company launches an innovative product in order to attract the consumers in a wide range. Competitors According to Kapferer (2012), there are competitors in the market which also offer latest watches like a Mp3 watch which offer various features with the latest technology. So, the company should establish an effective method of accounting to bring better results. Macro-environment The macro factors which influence company are as follows: Demographic According to Kim et al. (2012), Australia is world 6 biggest countries in which over 85 percent lived in urban areas and approximately lived in the capital cities. The target of the company product is young generation aging from 20-35 years. Technological In Australia, there is a large number of opportunities for creativity are available. Thus, it also based on the companies that at what extent research and customer response prefer. Opportunities and issue statement The manager of a company should identify the major threats, opportunities, strength and weakness and the key major problems which will be accessed in the marketing plan of Bio-magnetic wrist watch: Threats Challengers with large worldwide availability and brand recall is a danger for the product Copy or duplicate of the watches Economic unreliability which states people will spend less Opportunities Company can increase its worldwide retail connection to involve more companies The product with its positioning can launch a luxury unique and innovative edition line of its watches by considering the latest technology in developing countries Strength The company provides lifetime warranty to its customers in order to gain the faith of the product The product holds high recall and product awareness in Australia Helps the people in keeping energy level up and balanced Weakness The company has low product recall in exceptional few markets like the UK which are their powerful markets The product has not been able to penetrate internationally and has fewer brand recall in comparison to industry innovators Major issues According to Leekha Chhabra Sharma (2014), the key issues or problems which will be addressed in launching a new product in the market are as follows: Determine market segments The major problem which will be addressed in the marketing plan is identifying the market segment for the product. Marketers utilize these market segments to build a target market for their product or service (McDonald Wilson, 2016). Thus, in order to market Bio-magnetic wrist watch in the market, it is important that company should customize the marketing and sales efforts to particularly reach the segment of the population that will buy company products. Differentiate a product Business needs to frequently distinguish their products from their competitors. For gaining the success in the market, business needs to be continually establishing new value and advantages in new product and services in order to remain in a market leader position. Marketing objectives Basically, there are two types of marketing objective which are explained below: Short-term objective The principle objective of the company is to enhance the sales volume of Bio-magnetic watches and build a superior goodwill of the product in the customer mind. Long-term objective According to McNally et al. (2011), the long term goal of business is launching a Bio-magnetic watches are as follows: Customer retention Enlarging large market share Initiating latest technological changes for the watches Marketing strategies Target segmentation The company will target on the basis of: Demographic: Age 6-65 years Social class: working class, middle class, lower level, students Lifestyle: culture-oriented, sports-oriented Positioning strategies The company can position its products by including the various factors such as product advantage, price, and quality, use and application (Matthiesen Phau, 2010). Branding strategies Branding means creating value for the customer and the main key strategies of Bio-magnetic watches: Define brand: For creating a strong brand, the company should look at the skills and expertise that business possess. Brand position: Bio-magnetic watches have unique and innovative benefits which will attract the customers with the special value proposition. Marketing mix strategies The marketing mix strategies for Bio-magnetic watches are: Product: Company launches a new product of wearable accessory that is Bio-magnetic wristwatch with the latest advancement and innovative features. Place: Company can sell their products to final users. The company can use a marketing channel in order to create interdependent companies engaged in the procedure of creating watches available for use or consumption by the consumer. Price: Company launching a new product for the special class of consumers, so the company can use value based pricing. Promotion: The company can sell their product to the customer by the several promoting sources such as advertisement, magazines and newspapers, sign board and feedback form. Action programs According to Taghian (2010), the Bio-magnetic watch has strong product benefits contrasted with current market offerings. To accomplish business goals, the company will offer innovative watch in a variety of plans at a recommended retail cost assumes $ 45. Promoting of the product will concentrate on the uniqueness of the Bio-magnetic watch and is weighted toward print and purpose of-procurement shows. Budget analysis The projected budget analysis of Australian multinational IT company: Projected profit and expense Profit $ Sales 15000 Revenue from other services 4000 Revenue from rent of Skateline ECP 25250 Revenue from rent of Escoot Scape Less: rental fee waived on purchase 12750 (1275) 55725 Expenses Promotional cost: Total event cost 20250 Physical store: Delivery charges 500 Leasing of unit with utilities 7500 Maintenance of PEVs 2750 Depreciation 6500 Manpower cost Salary of employees 6000 Other expenses Distribution of pay-outs 8595 52095 Net Profit (Sales-expenses) 3630 Measuring marketing effectiveness According to Wymer (2011), the major techniques used in order to control and monitor the marketing plan of Bio-magnetic watches are: Customer surveys: A survey with the first purchaser helps the business to identify the common features of customer who like the product, data which could use to strain marketing strategies. Pipeline tracking: This method can track that how many customers companies have in each phase and then compare it to what business estimated. Marketing reviews: Having marketing team such aseeting every week will give the review of the status of the product. This method focuses on attention from a different group of a person which can make an actual gap in noticing issues. Conclusion From this report, it has been concluded that marketing planning is very essential in launching a new product in the market. This report explains the market planning of launching a new Bio-magnetic wrist watch in Australia and describes all the essential elements that are necessary for the marketing planning of a new product such as marketing strategies, positioning, branding strategies and marketing mix. References Ernst, H., Hoyer, W.D. Rbsaamen, C., 2010. 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