Consider Laertess contribution to the theme of revenge Essay Example for Free

Consider Laertess contribution to the theme of revenge Essay Of the various parallels between Hamlet and Laertes is one of the most telling. From the beginning of the play we see the two in comparable situations, each young men of the court, each seeking university, each spied on by Polonius, each (it would appear) loving Ophelia, in different ways. Therefore, when Laertes finds himself in Hamlets position of having a father murdered, the audience watches with interest to see how he will react, and how this will compare with Hamlets behaviour in the same situation. In fact, although Hamlet points out that: by the image of my cause I can see The portraiture of his Laertes reaction to murder of his father is very different from hamlets, and indeed he is everything which Hamlet rebukes himself for failing to b. He forms the very epitome of a traditional avenger, and almost everything he does forms a contrast with what Hamlet does not do. Immediately as he returns to the court in a riotous head, having recruited a rabble, to aid him in his revenge. Thus we see that he finds both opportunity and means to destroy his fathers supposed murderer as soon as he possibly can. It is sometimes argued that Hamlet has little opportunity, doing the first two acts of the play, at least, to confront Claudius and exact his revenge. However, it is clear that particularly since he is loved by the distracted multitude Hamlet might have actively created such an opportunity for himself, just as Laertes does. Furthermore Laertes is determined that he will dare damnation in order to revenge his father. This is very important when soliloquy beginning, To be or not to be, in which he confesses that the dread of something after death is, in part, what makes him lose the name of action, for again we see hamlets attitude to his task differs radically from that of a traditional avenger. This is also apparent when Laertes says that he would cut (Hamlets) throat I th church ! , since we are immediately reminded that Hamlet refused to kill Claudius, when given the perfect opportunity, because he was in prayer. Hamlets refusal to kill Claudius at this time (because his prayers make him fit and seasoned to go to heaven which is hardly a fitting revenge for a man who has sent his brother to be judged with his crimes broad blown) may if we decide that they are more than just another rationalization (an entirely debatable point in itself) prove that Hamlet reflects more carefully than Laertes on the business of revenge and that he is more caught up in the need for a perfect and fitting revenge. Nevertheless Laertes clear opinion that Revenge should have no bounds, and his immediate and unhesitating action, in comparison with Hamlets continual prevarication, persuade us that he is the more effective avenger. Laertes falls into the same category as Fortinbras, who with his unimproved mettle hot and full seeks revenge on Denmark for winning and taking control of what had been his fathers lands, and Pyrrhus, who brutally kills an old and defenceless man in the name of revenge. All these characters unhesitating and decisive action, and what seems to be their lack of fear at the consequences, throw Hamlets indecisiveness very much into relief, for whilst he can only unpack (his) heart with words, they can sweep to revenge as he longs to. However, it is \Claudius, not Laertes, who actually states that Revenge should have no bounds, which is not only ironic, since it is Hamlets hesitation alone which has saved him so far, but I feel also has sinister undertones, since one would hardly have put such words into the mouth of the clearest villain of the play without implying that this sentiment is also, somehow, villainous. Of course, as Claudius is here manipulating Laertes strong desire for revenge, it would be unwise to attach too much importance to this point, but it is nevertheless interesting to examine our attitude to Laertes attitude towards revenge as opposed to Hamlets. After all, the impetuous approach of the former allows him to believe: ; The people muddied, Thick and unwholesome in their thoughts and whispers. Thus he promptly accuses the wrong man (Claudius, rather than Hamlet) of killing his father. Compare this with Hamlet well aware that all is not necessarily what it seems in Denmark who creates an elaborate plan to catch the conscience of the king before he proceeds. It might also appear to the audience that Laertes defiance of damnation is more to do with a lack of reflection on the undiscovered country than courage in facing it. After all, as hamlet points out: the native hue of resolution Is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought Laertes is all resolution, untroubled by the words and thoughts, which impede hamlets action. (We never see Laertes in soliloquy, of course, because he is morally certain of what he must do, and does not explore the subject further. ) However, we possibly feel some sympathy with the view that: blest are those Whose blood and judgement are so well co meddled That they are not a pipe for Fortunes finger. Ironically, these words, spoken by Hamlet in praise of Horatio, actually describe the former in some respects, and particularly when we see him in comparison with Laertes. After all, whilst his endless reflection might appear to serve, at times, only to exacerbate and rationalize his delay, at least he can only rarely be accused of being rash. Laertes believes that, That drop of blood thats calm proclaims me bastard. However, this rage, this refusal to reason calmly and to reflect on what has happened, allows the slippery Claudius to manipulate Laertes for his own ends, leading to the treachery which destroys Claudius and Laertes themselves, and Gertrude, as well Hamlet. Ultimately, there is a certain nobility t be found in the exchange of forgiveness between hamlet and Laertes (the final link the latters assurance that: Mine and my fathers death come not upon thee, Nor thine on me! Which is greater than Laertes revengeful triumph over Hamlet. This is not to say that Shakespeares presentation of Laertes serves entirely as an indictment of the process of revenge. Both hamlet and Laertes speak of the honour of revenge, and finally does kill Claudius, that he is justly served. However, I can feel that considering Laertes contribution to the theme of revenge is only useful when seen alongside hamlets reaction to the same theme, and perhaps this portrayal of a traditional avenger who is only useful when seen alongside hamlets reaction to the same theme, and perhaps this portrayal of a traditional avenger who is rash, manipulative and finally self-destructive, allows us to see hamlet in a more favourable light when he is unable to assume the same role as traditional avenger.

Heideggers Interpretation of Pablo Picassos Portrait of Gertrude Stein :: Art Artisits

Heidegger's interpretation of Pablo Picasso's Portrait of Gertrude Stein By several accounts, Gertrude Stein posed for Pablo Picasso more than 90 times during the winter of 1905-6. Each session was never quite correct, with many botched attempts and frustrations. Ultimately Picasso sent her away, stating "I can't see you any longer when I look," then created a new portrait of her nearly a year later without seeing her again. It was regarded as a curious mask-like visage, not really an accurate representation of Stein at the time. When others remarked that Gertrude Stein did not look like her portrait, Picasso stated "She will." Eventually Picasso's belief in the 'premonitory powers' of his portraits was affirmed as Stein came to very greatly resemble her portrait, stating in 1938, "I was and I still am satisfied with my portrait; for me, it is I, and it is the only reproduction of me which is always I, for me" (Rodenbeck). Picasso's Portrait of Gertrude Stein is a haunting and pensive work, imbued with a great sense of mystery and pondering. Stein's gaze is cast to the side, her hands in a gestural position, leaning forward with her chin tilted and lips slightly parted. It is as if she is about to speak and through the body language of her portrait, we envision an ensuing scene where she articulates what she's been thinking, elaborating with her hands. The essence of Stein's character is embodied in this posture and gesture, the truth of her being in this physical representation. Knowing nothing of Stein, one would at once understand that this woman is a thinker carefully considering her points and that this intellectual characterization is of fundamental importance to her mode of being. Picasso has achieved the revelatory effects in this portrait by revealing the truth of Stein through Martin Heidegger's principle of truth as aletheia, that is, unhiddenness or the experience of something hidden being brought to revelation. By not allowing Stein's thoughts and words to be heard and capturing her in a frozen moment of paint, Picasso allows a profound understanding of all that she has to say. By concealing the experience of being in her presence and knowing her as an intellectual, he reveals the very truth and nature of her composure and existence. Were this portrait a frozen monument of Stein in a moment of glory, a pristine tribute to her physicality or a photographic and perfect representation, then we could never see the true accuracy of her being and becoming.

Wars Negative Impacts

Family, friends and strangers battle for our freedom every day but at a cost of gyrfalcon their own lives. â€Å"Enemy and the casualty lists that are lengthened each week with nothing to show for the blood being spilled† (Source E 19-20). The avoidance of death should be the only reason necessary to stop the progression of wars. Soldiers on the battlefield have done nothing to deserve to die they are only trying to protect the ones they deeply care for. Deaths cause major destruction in the lives of relatives of the deceased soldiers.Many families lose a member who they depended on for support eventually forcing them Into poverty resulting in increased offering Inflicted by the effects of war. War simply changes every aspect involving people perspectives on life, relations even their personalities. During war soldiers lose the purpose of their battle. Soldiers do not even care about the effect they have on the family of the murdered, possibly leaving a child without a father. They are so over whelmed by their environment that they care for nothing but their own survival. An adventurous expedition had turned Into an exhausting, indecisive war of attrition In which we fought for no cause other Han our own survival† (Source E 21-22). People leaving their families return with a different attitude and personality than when they first left. Many soldiers become traumatized by the events they witness and participated in causing irreversible damage to the brain. This is why some people apply themselves to certain tasks differently than before, as a result their efforts to solve the specific situation back fire multiplying their problem.The Individual could even possibly cause damages not only to himself but also to his relatives and the nearby people. â€Å"Stall they changed us ND taught us, the men who fought In them; In those obscure skirmishes we learned the old lessons about fear, cowardice, courage, suffering, cruelty, and comradeship† (Sourc e E 25-27). Depression, anxiety and paranoia are a few words to describe how the war effects the members of society left at home when relatives are sent away to battle for their country.They become unable to appear in society due to their extreme fear of death both themselves and other and possible loss of loves ones. These are negative Impacts of war because when members of society return to violation they lose the abilities to function properly within society. The money involved in the processes of war could be used to help better a nation's population and standard of living instead of assisting in its destruction. If a nation does not have an advantage over the competing nation regarding the development of weapons then the resources consumed in the process will be used inefficiently.This Is because factories are forced to switch the production of their products over to assaults In ten war efforts, tans would cause ten companies Ana t employees to lose Jobs, wages and money. This would cause the countries own people to suffer due to the lack of money being provided into the economy resulting in poverty and hunger. War requires a huge amount of money that a nation does not necessarily have because is a very expensive process. Not only is it expensive regarding the production of ammunition but also the after effects of war place a huge toll on the economy.Cities may be completely destroyed which requires money to pay for workers to build and clean while also paying for the materials. It would not only remove fear and bring security; it would not only create new moral and spiritual values; it would produce an economic wave of prosperity that would raise the world's standard of living beyond anything ever dreamed of by man. The hundreds of billions of dollars now spent in mutual preparedness could conceivably abolish poverty from the face of the earth. (Source G 4-9) Another reason is the populations youth sacrifice their lives resulting in death, leaving a gap between generations. Few of us were past twenty-five† (Source E 33). Meaning the new working generation Joining the labor pool will decrease greatly in size and skill. This is because the military removes all able-bodied men from factories to place them into the army to serve their country. Necessary Jobs such as Jobs in the medical field will lose employees preventing them from performing their duties, removing required money from the economy. War effects the economy of both countries fighting in a negative way. War requires a large amount of money to fight the war while also fixing the damages that are a result of it.War is a conflict between countries thru the use of arms attempting to gain what they believe to be beneficial to their country. Many believe that war under certain circumstances is Justified but nothing can Justify the murder and long term effects that follow the events of war. But in spite of all arguments against war it still is and possibly will always exist s. As long as war exists in countries everywhere in the world it will only produce negative consequences that humanity must accept as punishment for such actions.

Beyond Religion Finding Our Inner Selves - 2485 Words

The central purpose of Beyond Religion is to place emphasis on the inner qualities and values of an individual rather than devoting too much effort on external or material aspects of life. Mankind has endured many challenges since the beginning of time and yet we continue to face many problems. Despite our advances in medical science, technology, education, healthcare, human rights, laws, etc., we still suffer, struggle, and encounter many crisis around the world. Many parts of the world still experience poverty, crime, injustice, inequality, corruption, social, and environmental problems. The book asserts that these problems are a result of neglect of our inner qualities and moral values not just based on religious beliefs but the†¦show more content†¦In order for us to find true happiness, we have to look past the external benefits and dig deep down inside and assess our cognitive stability and internal motivation. Having a peace of mind can provide happiness even in times of difficulties and challenges. The main topic for chapter four is about compassion as the foundation of our well-being. We have been receiving care and affection ever since we were in our mother’s womb. From the moment we were born, our survival depends on the loving care and attention of others. As human, we develop a feeling of bonding and security to those who cared for us during infancy and childhood. Moreover, the nurturing aspect we receive has a tremendous impact on our psychological and emotional development. As a result, we develop a sense of compassion. The key emphasis is to expand and cultivate our compassion into a universal compassion without feeling of resentment or regret. True compassion has a profound benefit not just to others but also to one self. It is the foundation of our well-being by positively influencing our physical and mental state. Many argue that the principle of compassion which suggests forgiveness conflicts with the exercise of justice which warrants punishment for the crimes committed. If compassion is given priority over justice, criminals would be allowed to go unpunished and the victims would beShow MoreRelatedThe Meaning of Silence and Meditation 999 Words   |  4 PagesChristian spiritual writings are texts that help us connect to our spirituality and they also hold various themes or messages. Some recurring themes that have been uncovered from a number of texts are; meditation, silence, connecting to God and spirituality. Two themes that are fundamental are silence and meditation. In meditation we find silence difficult but this is a factor that we need to work on because it is very important. A hypothesis has been created that will assist in critiquing and evaluatingRead MoreThe Cathedral By Raymond Carver1294 Words   |  6 PagesMost of us live our life without truly living. We follow the path handed down from generations of social conformity. We are taught to aspire to a marriage, house fu ll of descendants, and stable job that supports the aforementioned. Besides the majority leading a constraining lifestyle, there are few who sincerely enjoy their lives and celebrate their individuality. The renowned psychologist Abraham Maslow discusses that people live a fulfilling life because of self-actualization in his study â€Å"Self-ActualizationRead MoreMans Search For Meaning Essay1983 Words   |  8 Pagesaround Frankl’s psychological perspectives, that go along with survival. In his novel there is also a point of psychological review and understanding, which took in points of Logotherapy (relevance to paper being that human existence is essential to finding the means of human nature. Inside the concentration camps, Frankl concentrates on personal experience, not facts, which he states in his foreward. The experiences he wishes to share are to convey a message of sacrifice, sacrifice such as health andRead MorePromote Equality and Inclusion in Health, Social Car e or Children and Young People’s Settings2288 Words   |  10 Pagesgender or disability. Inclusion: A process of identifying, understanding and breaking down barriers to participation and belonging. Diversity: A wide range of characteristics and backgrounds, including social and cultural backgrounds, different religions, colours of skin, hair types and disabilities. Such diversity contributes to the strength of a community. Describe Potential effects of discrimination. Discrimination can affect people on a physical, emotional, social and intellectual levelRead MoreSouth American Colonialsim Essay2119 Words   |  9 Pagesis evident is through the evolution of healing practices and spiritual beliefs of the indigenous South American population as a reaction to colonization. In addition, the stereotype of the wild savage by the European colonizers, the instituted religion of Catholicism, the complex relationship between the healer-patient relationship within shamanism and the creation of a colonial consciousness all serve to show elements of cultural fusion as a result of dominance. Indigenous people and the dominantRead MoreHow Do Different Theoretical Perspectives and Methodologies Create Different Forms of Knowledge About Close Relationships? Discuss with Reference to the Cognitive Social and Social Psychoanalytic Perspectives.2558 Words   |  11 Pagestopic of close relationships, looking at their ways of applications and methods and the kind of knowledge produced. The Cognitive Social Psychology (Haslam, 2007, DVD 1, DD307) focuses on information-processing in social context; in other words, our socially structured minds and thoughts. Researchers’ aim is to assess and discern, in controlled social conditions, individual cognitions in term of causal relations and patterns among variables that may not be obvious. The methodology is quantitative;Read More15. . . . . Womanism Vs Feminism . Tessa King. Evans High4725 Words   |  19 Pages15 Womanism vs Feminism Tessa King Evans High School â€Å"Most of us did not learn when we were young that our capacity to be self-loving would be shaped by the work we do and whether that work enhances our well-being.† – Bell Hooks Black Feminism is a theory which argues that sexism, class oppression, gender identity, and racism are interconnected. However, womanism or white feminism is a social theory which is strictly racial and gender-based oppression of black women. Black feminism andRead More Comparing Christianity and Stoicism Essay3244 Words   |  13 Pageswas just planting its seeds and beginning to grow, whereas stoicism was already legitimate in its foundation and strong in its following (Stavrianos 100). One might wonder how Christianity ultimately replaced stoicism as the prominent and official religion in Rome. There are a few particular political and historical events that tell us exactly when and how it happened, but the curious man is more concerned with the psychology behind the transition. In other words, why would men tend to prefer oneRead MoreCan Play Therapy Help Children With Emotional and Behavioral Issues Get Better?3890 Words   |  16 PagesWith play therapy the child can resolv e their difficulties and concerns utilizing the toys that they pick, exposing their inner thoughts and discussions. With play the child has the ability to check out numerous circumstances and habits in a supportive environment. Genuine favorable regard and approval urges the child to feel safe adequate to be able to discover their inner selves without filtration or censorship. In this environment children have the ability to experiment with various parts, work withRead MoreCritical Response to the Tao Te Ching2847 Words   |  12 Pagesbody of ideas that was produced by these officials became known as the Hundred Schools of Thought. Their goal was to address the concerns of seeking stability in a constantly changing world and alternatives to what had previously been prescribed by religion. Chinese philosophy evolved from practical politics and was therefore concerned with morality and ethics. A stated by author Thomas Cleary in his book The Essential Tao, â€Å"The two essentia l philosophical classics of Taoism, Tao Te Ching and Chuang-tzu

Heart of Darkness Essay - 1292 Words

Heart of Darkness Essay Morality has been interpreted in different ways throughout life, but there is only one true definition, which leads to the reality of what society truly is. Joseph Conrad uses narration in Heart of Darkness to explain and analyze human’s moral values. It is true that all humans are savages, but this savage nature does not make someone a bad person. If a person uses one’s savage features for evil and do not restrain from doing so, then it is the lack of restraint that brings upon the evil in humans. Restraint is necessary for the sake of mankind because it helps a person to ease into understanding the harsh reality of life. Morality is the ability to restrain from using one’s savage nature for the demise of†¦show more content†¦In the colonization of the Congo, the strong Europeans did not restrain from using their savage nature and took away all freedom for greed. The natives, which are cannibals in this case, are strong and powerful in this situa tion and can probably destroy the Europeans and take away their freedom as well, but they do not. They restrain from doing something that is wrong: winning an unfair fight. This concludes that because of restraint the natives understand right and wrong and the Europeans do not. The ability to restrain allows individuals to act morally and therefore leads to a much more stable society. Restraint not only allows humans to act justly, it also helps people to understand life and its cruelty better. The truth, hidden beneath the lies of society, creates negative affects to humans once it is uncovered. Humans use lies to cope with life to such an extent that the lie itself becomes the truth because it is engraved within the mind of the individual. The harshness of life is the realization that the life one lives is a lie. Sometimes this realization is so intense people cannot accept it and will eventually collapse, which will in turn cause society to collapse as well. Conrad uses the concept of the lie being the truth to show that humans try to make sense of life even thoughShow MoreRelatedHeart Of Darkness Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness uses character development and character analysis to really tell the story of European colonization. Within Conrads characters one can find both racist and colonialist views, and it is the opinion, and the interpretation of the reader which decides what Conrad is really trying to say in his work. Chinua Achebe, a well known writer, once gave a lecture at the University of Massachusetts about Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, entitled An image of Africa:Read More Heart of Darkness Essay2840 Words   |  12 Pages Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness does not explicitly deal with a struggle between war and peace: the conflict is a psychological, moral one; however, the text’s implications that society is a thin veil over our innate savagery, the darkness at the roots of Western civilization, reveals disturbing truths about the peaceful, orderly lives we take for granted. The key to understanding Conrad’s novella lies in ascertaining the metaphorical significance of the â€Å"heart of darkness,† a search which mayRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness981 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness The nightmare of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is found in its stark portrayal of madness under the influence of an environment filled with desolation. Its protagonist, Mr. Kurtz, was raised amongst civilized people, adapted virtues that were regarded proper in society during the Victorian era, yet when he travels into the Congo, where these qualities are of no consequence, he abandons them to become wild. To understand how Kurtz fell to this emotional corruptness, a readerRead MoreHeart of Darkness Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pages1. Some critics believe that in Heart of Darkness Conrad illustrates how ‘’the darkness of the landscape can lead to the darkness of the social corruption.† This statement means that if the environment is dark, then the people in that environment will match the surrounding feeling, which is dark and depressing. For example, if it is a gloomy rainy day, most people feel tired and not as happy. If it is a bright sunny day, the most people feel motivated to get things done and joyful. Yes, thisRead MoreEssay On Heart Of Darkness720 Words   |  3 PagesBook Review: Heart of Darkness When reading Joseph Conrad’s stunning work of literary fiction, Heart of Darkness, one is transported to the Congo’s jungles itself and has to ferociously fight until the end. The novel is readable to those determined to reach the end; the words are arranged almost in a way that makes the reader feel the struggle of the Congo. Reading the novel is indeed a journey itself, making the end worth the struggle. In Heart of Darkness, the narrator is in fact not the realRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness1208 Words   |  5 PagesJoseph Conrads The Heart of Darkness is a dark and haunting tale about the search for a substantial and mysteriously powerful man named Mr. Kurtz. Heart of Darkness centers around Marlow, a sailor and also narrator of the novella. Throughout the work, Conrad uses an array of literary devices to suggest his style of writing. The title of the work itself, The Heart of Darkness, is an example of the use of metaphor. Darkness is a significant part of the books title conceptually. However, it isRead More Heart of Darkness Essay941 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness Darkness permeates every circumstance, scene, and character in Joseph Conrads novella, Heart of Darkness. Darkness symbolizes the moral confusion that Charlie Marlow encounters, as well as the moral reconciliation he has within himself while searching for Kurtz. Marlows morals are challenged numerous times throughout the book; on the Congo river and when he returns to Brussels. Charlie Marlow characterizes the behavior of the colonialists with, The flabby, pretendingRead MoreEssay on Heart of Darkness934 Words   |  4 PagesHeart of Darkness The dark thoughts, which are usually ignored and not allowed to be brought up in conversation, are pushed back into the remote corners of the mind, but have the ability to run free when man is in his most vulnerable state. Sleep, the unconscious. It is in dreams where twisted stories of malevolence and horror take place. The soul’s core is full of sin from the first minute man is born. Even Adam, the original man, who was born when the earth began its timeline, has sin runningRead More Heart Of Darkness Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pageslet the sexism of her culture keep her down. Adah would dislike the way that women are portrayed in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness because women are treated as though they do not belong in the real world. Women are treated as objects instead of people with thoughts and feelings. It is this treatment that Adah worked hard to overcome. Part II In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, Marlow, the narrator of most of the story, tell th e story of his journey into the Congo searching for the lost ivoryRead MoreEssay about Heart of Darkness1745 Words   |  7 Pages This essay provides an in depth review of Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, a classical novella that illustrates without bias the motives behind human intentions and the extremes individuals can go to achieve wealth and profits at the expense of others with the aim of shedding insight into the rise of European imperialism, the imperial history, its politics and evil activities in the colonized African tribes along the river Congo during the eighteenth and nineteenth century. The Heart of Darkness

Domestic Violence Against Women in Canada Essay - 2257 Words

Introduction Intimate partner violence has been a significant issue for centuries in all countries. Since 1974, nearly 2,600 spousal homicides have been recorded in Canada (Bunge, 2002). Of these homicides, more than three-quarters have been against women. Although through feminism and the womens liberation movement, there has been a slight improvement in the incidences of violence against women, there has also been a drastic change in the perception of the issue by society. After reviewing the most recent literature on violence against women and victimization through intimate partners, it has become prevalent that there are now two crucial stances that are taken. The first position is that of the women being victimized as the†¦show more content†¦For example, changing nature of intimate relationships, increasing gender equality, legislative changes, policy and procedural changes, etc.(Bunge, 2002). Between 1974 and 2000, the homicide rate for women decreased by 62% an d the homicide rate for men dropped by more than half -55% (Bunge, 2002) which demonstrates the drastic decline in intimate partner violence including homicides. Secondly, one of the general concepts behind the literature examined would be the idea that intimate partner violence is now going through a process of normalization. For instance, popular womens magazines frame domestic violence in a way that normalizes the victimss responsibility while ignoring the role of the abuser and society (Berns, 2001). Individuals construct their own conceptions of what is normal and acceptable. These conceptions, what Cicourel (1968) calls background expectancies govern all social interaction (Berns, 2001). With the norms that society creates being the main control of interaction amongst society, it is clear that by allowing the perspective of intimate partner violence as normal will create unawareness about the issue and may perpetuate further issues. Women who have respect and power outside the home through community activities, including participation in microcredit schemes, are less likely to be abused than those who do not (Jewkes, 2002).Show MoreRelatedThe Women s Rights Movement Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagestowards the elimination of violence against women under the United Nations Crime Prevention and Justice Program. As it pertains to Canada, Lakeman (2006) affords that The Vancouver Rape Relief Center shelters over 100 rape domestic abuse victims each year. However, in spite of the great, motivating, and inspiring strides that have over the years been made towards the realization of gender parity and women’s empowerment (Human Rights Watch, 2006), a large number of women around the world are traffickedRead MoreDomestic Violence Against Immigrant And Refugee Women1050 Words   |  5 Pages4. How can Canada protect and welcome refugees and newcomers? How can domestic violence against immigrant and refugee women be prevented? Some of the ways Canada can protect and welcome and protect refugees by; Making the status in Canada secure- This means that Canada should make permanent residency open to all including migrant workers. They should not restrict the Permanent Residency to only those coming for high wage jobs. There should be a legislation and enforcement to protect them effectivelyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Gender and Domestic Violence1010 Words   |  5 PagesRelationship Between Gender and Domestic Violence Summary: This article discusses the relationship between gender and domestic violence. For many reasons, people commonly believe that domestic violence is more likely equal to wife abuse or woman abuse. But this prejudice is erroneous. On the one hand, because of the definition of domestic violence including dating or cohabitation and modern research finds that husbands as well as wives may be victims, domestic violence is not more likely equal to wifeRead MoreDomestic Abuse1347 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic violence has been an ongoing issue among couples in society. This violence is not something that is new; it has been around for a long time. Domestic violence, can range from physical, mental, and emotional. When a couple is in an intimate relationship or married, one of the individuals in the relationship tries to dominate the other partner by trying to control them. This is commonly called domestic violence. A vast majority of domestic violence cases go unreported each year. T his couldRead MoreThe Effects of Violence on Women Essay1662 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Violence on Women Violence affects the lives of millions of women worldwide, in developing, as well as in developed countries. It cuts across cultural and religious barriers, restricting women from fully participating in society. Violence against women has many forms in which it comes in, from domestic abuse and rape to child marriages and female circumcision. All are violations of the most fundamentalRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence859 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence occurs in all economic, ethnic, and social backgrounds of every society of the world. In Canada, 546, 000 men suffer from domestic violence; that equates to 6% of the male population (Family Violence). The number of women who are victimized through intimate violence total around 653, 000; that equates to 7% of the female population (Family Violence). The amount of abuse being directed towards men is essentially the same amount that is directed towards women. However, the familyRead MoreSilent Crying And Tears : Never Given A Thought1213 Words   |  5 PagesSilent screams and tears: Never given a thought ` I feel sorry for never reporting the domestic abuse to the police. Rape, violence, confinement, threats with weapons, death threats, stealing and destruction of property. I think he would be in jail for a long time if I had reported him. But I think it s too late. There is no proof other than the little bit of pain left in my heart from the years I wasted with a monster, caged in an abusive relationship.† (Jeanne) Jeanne wasted her five years ofRead MoreA Program For Change : The Exposure Of Peoples Experiences, Stories And Opinions About Harassment953 Words   |  4 Pagesand opinions about harassment Hollaback. (2015). You have the power to end harassment. Retrieved from http://toronto.ihollaback.org/our-history/. The main objective of this foundation is to spread awareness, as communication is a key resource for women (or witnesses) to converse about the issue of harassment that is taking place to many in a certain area. Victims around Toronto and the GTA share stories about harassment done to them or have witnessed. The point of providing a story is to take actionRead MoreAboriginal Women in Canada Essays1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe issue of violence against Aboriginal women is my chosen subtopic that strongly contributes to the history of Aboriginal women’s struggle for rights and identity in Canada. To search relevant newspaper articles for this topic, the databases that were used were Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, as well as Canadian Newsstand Major Dailies. The reason these two databases were chosen was because Canadian Newsstand offered articles from multiple newspapers in the country, therefore providing me with diverseRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On Women Essay1246 Words   |  5 Pagesaddressed the domestic violence and continue to persist as a social problem affecting a large number of Canadian Women. The authors are trying to answer this question giving some statistics, how the women are abused from their partner , such as the violence reported when the relationship is ended, and is some other case the violence starts after the separation. Furth more the authors mention another key answer that I think could be a question, is what are the effects of domestic violence? Alaggia, Regehr

Case study on Leading Strategic Decision Making

Question: 1. Using the Ashridge Sense of Mission Model, analyse and interpret Googles sense of mission taking its recent corporate diversification and strategic leadership into account. 2. Critically discuss Googles approach to strategic decision-making and evaluate the resemblance and transferability, if any, to Grants (2003) findings on planned emergence in major oil companies. Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory suggests that supervisors have relatively high-quality exchange relationships with some employees and relatively low-quality relationships with others. Critically examine the usefulness of leader-member exchange theory in explaining productive leader-follower relationships. Provide practical examples of leader-follower relationships and the outcomes they generate. Answer: Ashridge Sense of Mission Model (overview) To understand the given proposition it is imperative to explain the nuances of Ashridge Mission Model and its implications. Ashridge Model Statement is a mission report statement as propounded by Ashridge Strategic Management Center. The four components include purpose, values, strategies, and behavioral standards. There is a startling resemblance of Googles sense of mission with Ashridge theory. The components of the theory are intended to explain the organizational culture of Google. Managers and the resources are occasionally searching for a sense of identity and purpose. The employees desire more than safety, pay and opportunity to develop their skills and competence (Herman et al. 2013). They want a sense of mission more than anything else. There are number of functions that a Mission may have in any organization. The external and internal functions include various aspects. The sense of mission entails to motivate and inspire managers and resources to higher level of performance . Also it delves in performing of resource allocation in a consistent manner. Here, providing a sense of directions along with promotion of shared values amongst the resources. However, the entire motive boils down to improvement of corporate performance. A mission statement is an articulation of an organizations mission (Stiegler and Gaba 2015). The definition of mission statement means a largely defined and enduring statement of purpose that distinguishes the firm from the rest and identifies the scope of its operations in product and in terms of market. The Ashridge Model speaks about creation or utilization of a purpose or mission, sense of mission and mission statement, by and large. Companies willing to integrate this model or theory would help them to fulfill the shareholders and stakeholders needs and benefits. It also helps them to think clearly about the mission along with developing of new Mission and clarification of an existing mission. However, a corporate mission shou ld not be confused with that of corporate vision. The ideology combines cultural and strategic motivators to guide an organization. The model is mainly useful for ensuring that the firm has a clear mission and the resources with a sense of mission (Holland and Nichele 2016). Googles Mission and Vision Ashridge Mission Model has its presence in Google. The mission statement of the firm in question is to organize the worlds information and strive to make it accessible and useful. In other words, Google is working hard to create new services and solutions for future. The firm has assumed to be one of the most powerful tools that take into account wide range of applications that are being processed in daily activities (Islam et al. 2013). Earlier, it had expanded the business by purchasing YouTube that were immensely popular in those days. In recent times, the company launched a new mobile phone named, Nexus One which is slated to compete with Apple iPhone. Furthermore, the firm is also developing an online operating system that may supersede Microsofts windows OS (Aguilera et al. 2016). For diversification of services and solutions, the firm had invested nearly USD 39 million in two entities which may be deemed green initiative. This step is recognized as corporate social responsibil ity of the organization. The pace of progression of Google is remarkable since its inception and the firm ranks third in esteemed business journals within a short span of merely thirteen years. Google was so far confined in various dimensions of technological advancement (Hu and Liden 2013). The firm has taken the route of diversification to ensure that it does not suffer if one of the wings faces a descending slope. The entity was surfaced as a search engine which was extended in the realms of social networking and host of online services and solutions that are enjoyed by countless internet users. Now the firm deals with mobile division, desktop applications and also Operating System. Artificial intelligence is something that the firm is planning to launch (Thomas et al. 2013). Working environment of Google and ergonomics and leadership practices The working environment of the firm may be related to Ashridge Sense of Mission Model. The firm encourages new ideas and nurtures them with sincerity. Google makes sure that the resources are paid in best possible standards with their skills, endeavor and competence. The firm has its units all across the globe which provides ample opportunities for jobseekers to work with the firm (Hubbard et al. 2014). The organization boasts of complete work culture which is supportive and friendly to say the least. It goes without saying that the firm is a huge profit earner wherein innovation is the driving force. The organization provides huge motivation to its resources at workplace which enables them to work in full potential. Google being the innovative and dynamic entity propels efficacy in its ranks which helps the firm to sustain the laid objectives of the firm. It provides flexibility to the resources and encompasses various modes of recreational activities which ensure that the resources competence and creativity at work never takes a hit (Uhl-Bien et al. 2014). On the other hand, leadership plays an emphatic role and hence considered to be of supreme importance. Good management and leadership are deemed to be the edifices of the organization and the firm in consideration is no exception. The leaders set goals and all the teams strive to fulfill the desired goals and standards. It may not be possible for the firm to excel in every projects but leadership makes it possible that the firm puts forth its best foot forward for realizing the goals and desired objectives (Stocklin 2015). Leaders take the shots as far as corporate governance is concerned. Product analysis and feasibility of services and solutions are something that is undertaken by the top brass of the organization. One of the most important facets of leadership is that Google have a vast approach to envision things out of the box and the managers keep an eye of the employees performance and initiate corrective actions if required. All these amounts to the aspect of adequate leaders hip which propels the firm to perform sufficiently and appoint the right and competent person for the job (Maas and Jones 2015). The leaders give their resources not only deliverables but also direction and a mission which ultimately makes them what they are in the business domain. This is exactly in consonance to Ashridge Sense of Mission Model (Kimura 2013). Google Incs diversification as a key element of success Google has been the frontrunner as far as diversification is concerned. In past years the industry had witnessed a paradigm shift with its focus shifting from core search business that had been popular over the years. Various experts argued that the firm had done the right thing to explore into other areas of operation. The CEO of the company is a proponent of Ashridge Mission Model. He opined that the company is still in nascent stage and on the cusp of a turnaround regarding innovative solutions and services (Martins et al. 2015). Changes have been observed recently with Sundar Pichai being vested with more responsibilities relating to core products of the firm. More than that, the management was able to give a proper direction to the entire firm which kept things on track by the organization. In recent years the firm had diversified its operations by tapping into healthcare domain and also revealed intention of making inroads into automobile industry. The firm is going in all dire ctions by and aspires to make substantial deals in automotive domain with the driverless-vehicle technology. The fact of the matter is Google has grown to be a vast entity in terms of operations and diversifying its core operations in various avenues (Godwin et al. 2015). The firm could not survive with a single strategy. However, investors are somewhat uneasy and precarious with the firms approach of mixing unrelated investments, businesses and acquisitions. The mission statement of Google and vision reflect powerful stature of the firm in terms of what it wants to achieve. The company being founded in 1998 has been observant of its vision and mission statement which leads to its current position as one of the brands to reckon with. The mission statement differs from its business strategies, like product development. Similarly, the firms vision statement impels the organization to attain new heights through rapid innovation and other practices. The success of the firm is frankly connected to the endeavors of the firm to fulfill the mission and vision statement. The vision statement of Google is providing access to the worlds information in a single click. The firms nature of business operation is nothing but actual manifestation what it states in vis ion statement. An instance would help in this regard. Google is by far the most popular product in its search engine service. The product facilitates people residing in various geographies to have access to information from around the world. The vision statement has three variables which are mainly, accessibility, worlds information, and a single click. The organization fulfills the entire worlds information element of its vision statement by the means of crawling webpages. The organization maintains huge databases which contains indexes of these websites. As a matter of fact the firm fulfills the accessibility part by presenting a host of search engine services and solutions to all and sundry based across the globe. On the other hand, the one click aspect refers to easy access to information. Google fulfills this particular component by presenting various innovative services and solutions such as Google Search (easy to use). Hence, it is clear that the company is complaint of its v ision statement (Salem Khalifa 2012). The mission statement is in conformity to the firms vision statement. Googles mission statement has four different variables mainly, organization, worlds information, utility and global accessibility. As mentioned earlier, the organization fulfills the entire worlds information factor by crawling webpages. The firm organizes the plethora of information by the means of proprietary programs or for that matter, algorithims. The company fulfills universal accessibility facet of its mission statement by offering vast services universally. Such means of processing and organizing of information aids in effective search results. Thus, it is understandable that Google complies with the laid mission statement (Garud and Gehman 2016). Strategic analysis of Google The firm is in conformity to what its mission and vision statement are. The organization is popular for effectual and innovative products, mainly, Google Search which specifies the firms statement. The leadership of the firm is in consonance to the universal accessibility constituent of the mission statement by making the firms services and solutions widely used. The innovative strategies add to the firms capacity to uphold the leadership the way it is in the industry (Rothaermel 2016). This colossal stature empowers the firm to maintain following of its vision and mission statement. Google should adapt its vision and mission statement in accordance to the variety of products that the firm presently offers. Google Glass and Fiber are the latest offering of the firm. The firms vision and statement remain identical though. Hence, adjustment should reflect present diversification of the firms products and solutions. Preferably, the vision statement should illustrate the future state of affairs of the company with regards to its diversified business. In true sense, the mission statement is meant to specify the firms intention relating to such diversification (Colquitt et al. 2012). Critical evaluation of Googles approach to strategic decision-making To effectively apply various strategic approaches and methods in various business environments a firm needs to be able to provide support each with fittingly differentiated culture and capabilities. Google has been successful in creating highly distinctive culture and ethos. The likes of campus ambassador programs, community approach and appetite for recruiting techies has contributed to its unique culture. Google has restructured its entire organization to attain ambidextrous move toward business, thereby benefitting both its ambitious projects and mature core business avenues. The firms move if a part of broader trend towards fission of business structures which is evident in corporate spins and splits. On the other hand, factors like capital allocation and taxation have considerable role to play in the same regard. It is imperative to apply more custom-made techniques relating to strategy and dynamic business environment which has been a key driver in terms of strategic management . This inspires effectiveness and dynamism to the business portfolio. The strategic thought process of most of the entities is shaped by the manner they go about their business (Fisher et al. 2016). Manufacturing units had a traditional foundation of a twenty century economy. The firms that create complex physical objects naturally plan their services and solutions in terms of lifecycles which ranges between one to two years. A technological giant like Google operates at a fundamentally varied pace. The web software changes constantly. The management does not plan rigidly but evolve it on a daily basis based on the response of the behavior of the customers. The firm has been successful in maintaining flexible approach towards strategic management and hence it has created thriving business products and solutions. This by far is a dramatic change as far as business history is concerned. Earlier, companies were normally smaller ones, volume wise. The larger is the size of the company, the more will it value planning along with long-term view. The factual reality is Google is one of the large technological entities who boast of flexible style of management which is opposed to rigid planning. Most large companies are run by professionals who hail from business schools wherein they get trained the nuances of traditional business affairs. Contrastingly, Google is controlled and run by engineering PHDs. Google follows scientific method in its management. It is evident in web design version of Google which says that everything can be measured. The Google executive version states that nothing really matters unless one can measure that. There are numerous instances in the past which states that companies were run by engineers. HP is a notable example in this regard. What makes the firm in consideration special is its combination of scientific method with rapid iterative development (Babnik et al. 2014). Secondly, the unusual aspect of Google is the ownership structure of the firm. Google is not a public entity. The management of the firm is not too keen in terms of annual returns or for that matter, quarterly returns. Most organizations have detailed and long planning cycle pursuing their goals. Google is just the opposite. The firm boasts of an unpredictable planning cycle while pursuing long-term goals and objectives. This is where Google scores over other players. The firms behavior over the last few years has evolved (Rashid et al. 2014). The investors convinced the CEO about the need of bringing in professional management to organize the company. In the year 2011, the firm had huge economic resources and was no longer a dynamic entity in the business domain (Cobb 2016). The firm faced severe threats from emerging outfits like Facebook, which was growing in leaps and bounds that time. Like social networking, mobile deserves special mention in this regard. Apple was posing threat in mobile which was doing great job in terms of integrating software and hardware for producing superior products. Google is less effective in the event of change in the firms original goals. Google frequently initiates projects that may deem to be important but later turns out to be not so vital. Google Docs may be a great instance in this regard. It was launched as a response to Microsofts MS office OS. When the later became weaker, Google Docs merged with Drive and created Dropbox in coming years (Auvinen et al. 2015). Resemblance to Grants hypothesis At the outset, the goal of this paper is to explore how to explore how the companys strategic planning ploys have been adapted to a business world which is characterized by unpredictability and rapid changes. The below discussion identifies various key features of strategic planning in a business industry that witnessed stability as well turbulence. Like petroleum industry Google had also faced strategic planning and the changing of role within the company. Notwithstanding the debate whether strategic planning has merits, it helped in strategic planning within the oil companies. The oil companies formulated strategic planning practices during the late 1990s or so (Bolisani et al. 2015). It also portrays how the practices responded to ever-increasing environmental uncertainty and turbulence. As strategic management evolved, interest in organizations strategic planning practices gradually faded. Various changes in oil companies pointed to a different role for strategic planning within the organizations. Strategic decisions were made as a response to threats and opportunities that surfaced and were integrated into the strategic plans. The purpose of strategic planning system was not to undertake strategic decisions but also how did it play within the companys management. All the companies exerted greater emphasis on the knowledge and communication sharing role of processes. This involved paradigm shift from formal presentations to face-to-face discussions wherein beliefs and ideas were challenged and various issues were identified. Shell and Exxon are notable organizations in this regard. Both had special emphasis over strategic planning which acts as a vehicle of organizational learning. To maximize the organizational learning, Shell attempted to make explicit judgments and perceptions within the strategy process which may be termed as mental mapping. There is a startling similarity with Google as the concerned (Amann 2016). Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory is focused on the two-way relationship between followers and leaders. According to this theory leaders develop exchanges with their every follower. As Harris et al. (2014) stated that, the quality of leader-member exchange relationship can influence the decision and responsibility of followers. It has also affected the performance and the access of resources for the followers. Leader-member exchange theory can promote positive employment experience. It can also increase organizational effectiveness. In this theory, it has been mentioned that leader have to develop strong emotional bonding with their followers depending on respect and trust (Kimura 2013). This theory claims that leaders do not treat all their followers equally. It suggests that supervisors have relatively high-quality exchange relationships with some employees and relatively low-quality relationships with others (Tse et al. 2013). The behaviors and work related attitudes of these su bordinates decide how they are treated by their leaders. LMX theory of leadership refers to the process of interactions between the subordinates and leaders of the organization. The theory emphasizes that leaders of a company i.e. Google must maintain a unique relationship with every subordinates and followers rather than practicing one particular leadership style in the enterprise. On an organizational level, leadership refers to relationships between members and the leader that is based on commitment, respect and mutual trust. The theory is very different from other theories of leadership (Van Wart 2013). Other theories of leadership include autocratic, transformational, participative, democratic, transactional, situational, etc. All these ideas define a particular style of leadership implemented in an organization. However, leader-member exchange model put stress on the relationships among the employees more accurately leaders and their followers of Google. The theory is also known as Theory of Vertical Dyad Linkage that explains how le aders in organizations maintain a good rapport with their team members through tacit exchange agreements (Ambrose et al. 2013). Figure 1: Characteristics of leaders and follower and their interpersonal relationship (Source: Harris et al. 2014) As Hu and Liden (2013) mentioned that, the multitude of consequences can be measured in terms of the multitude of consequences. These consequences are like normative commitment, turnover intentions, empowerment, and distributive justice, satisfaction with payment and job satisfaction. Utilization of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory LMX is a descriptive theory that suggests that it is significant to find out the existence of the out-groups and in-groups within the company. Gu et al. (2015) mentioned that, this is the only leadership approach that makes dyadic relationship as the centerpiece of the leadership process. It shows the importance of communication in leadership approaches. According to Islam et al. (2013), the implementation of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory in the company Google has decreased the turnover intention of its employees. It has also decreased the role conflict within the organization. It has also increased the attitudinal and perceptual outcome for the organization. The LMX theory helps to assess the degree to which followers and leaders in the organization have mutual respects towards each others capabilities. It helps to develop a strong sense of obligation for one another. In this organization the in-group followers work as the advisers or assistances for the leaders. It enables hi gh-quality personalized exchanges with leaders rather than out-group followers in Google. These exchanges include emphasis of the leader on projects to interesting tasks, information sharing, delegation of important task to followers and taking advice from followers while taking important decisions (Azadnia et al. 2015). The example of good leader according to LMX theory The example of good leader can be found from this theory. Phil Jackson is the American professional basket ball executive. He is former player and former coach. He is presently working as the president of the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association or (NBA) (Kimura 2013). He is always the best man to represent his team. He had always tried to create a supportive environment within an organization. He provided his followers the freedom to express their feelings. As Tse et al. (2013) stated that, it helps them to realize their own potential. According to LMX theory, productive leader-follower relationships must help followers to improve their performance. The example of Phil Jackson just has proved this fact. He did not have the capability to delegate all the followers by himself. For this reason, he had developed effective communication between coaches and player. For this reason, his team was able to won many championships. According to Phil Jackson No leader can creat e a successful team alone- no matter how gifted he is. Process of LMX theory The theory is analyzed in the perspective of Google. Google is the company where employees are provided with enormous benefits. It is one of the most renowned businesses in all aspects especially in terms of best workplace. Employees all over the world provide positive feedback about the company. According to the employees of Google, it is one of the best places to work. The process of the theory consists of three stages namely role taking, role making and routinization (Tse et al. 2013). In the process of role taking, the leaders of the team point out the talents of the team. Leaders of Google are known for their leadership abilities. Leaders of different departments identify particular skills in every team members. After identification of the talent, the supervisor of the company tests their capabilities by providing them opportunities for growth. In this stage, a relation between the subordinates and the controller is started. Gradually, it grows deeper in due course of time (Yukl et al. 2013). The next stage of LMX theory is role making. In this phase, an informal and unstructured negotiation is occurred between the leader and the team member. Google provided a particular function for the identified talent. In return, of loyalty and dedication, the head in all aspects supports the selected team members of Google. Leaders of Google start building trust with their junior members during this level of the LMX theory. Trust building and betrayal both are the factors that can be a possibility in this phase. When the member of the Google faces this situation, then there is a possibility of transfer of the individual into out-group. However, success of the individual depends on the support given by the leader. The degree of achievement of this stage depends on the lower level racial and cultural differences prevalent in the company. In Google, a strong organizational culture is maintained. The management of the organization tries every possible aspect in improving the loopholes of the cultural issues faced by Google. The relationship between leaders of Google and their team members strictly maintains professionalism. The next phase of the leadership theory is routinization. Google supervisors maintain a pattern of conversations related to social exchange with their subordinates. Social relationships are also a vital part in this aspect as it is related to the psychological concern of human behavior (Baran et al. 2012). The example of good leader according to LMX theory The example of good leader can be found from this theory. Phil Jackson is the American professional basket ball executive. He is former player and former coach. He is presently working as the president of the New York Knicks in the National Basketball Association or (NBA) (Kimura 2013). He is always the best man to represent his team. He had always tried to create a supportive environment within an organization. He provided his followers the freedom to express their feelings. As Tse et al. (2013) stated that, it helps them to realize their own potential. According to LMX theory, productive leader-follower relationships must help followers to improve their performance. The example of Phil Jackson just has proved this fact. He did not have the capability to delegate all the followers by himself. For this reason, he had developed effective communication between coaches and player. For this reason, his team was able to won many championships. According to Phil Jackson No leader can creat e a successful team alone- no matter how gifted he is. Benefits of following the theory by Google leaders The CEO of the company Sundar Pichai is known for its excellent leadership skills. The company runs on innovation, new product development, leadership and good employee relations. Every departments of the organization follow innovation. Google develops many leadership programs for their staff of all levels. There are many benefits of a leader following LMX theory. Google leaders experience multiple benefits in maintaining healthy relationships with their employees. The benefits include improved performance of groups, encouragement of employees in taking initiatives, influencing other members, extending capabilities and building networks. Employees of Google illustrate a small turnover intention with higher job satisfaction. They also highlight a well portrayed assistant leader relationship. However, it can be concluded that leaders of Google who follows the LMX theory of leadership are found to be more successful when compared to other supervisors of different organizations. The bene fits of Google leaders in their team are greater organizational commitment, low turnover, higher team satisfaction, and better work performances. Hence, it can be said that by practicing this theory, Google leaders gets recognition from the company in terms of excellent perfection in the results of the assigned work (Gu et al. 2015). Benefits of the subordinates LMX theory in Google not only helps in developing leadership for the senior leaders but also encourages junior executives to forecast their skills in the organization. Management of Google encourages employees to highlight their talent in the respective fields. Emphasizing on the employee relationships, the middle level management along with the lower level employees of the company are satisfied with their work. There are many researches done by many researchers regarding employee relations and satisfaction of employees (Mitchell et al. 2016). Every research report points out the name of Google in the top position in the above mentioned sectors. Higher degree in LMX relations results in greater access towards resources of organization. It leads to more benefits earned by the followers and subordinates of Google. When leaders have greater access to organizational resources, more benefits in terms of monetary and non-monetary aspects would be provided to the members. Hence, the employe es of the company experience more perceived influence from the enterprise with rapid growth in career perspective. Internally the subordinates gain confidence and energy to solve more problems that are complex. Leaders of Google also indirectly improve the performance of the team by providing benefits to their employees along with rewards. In this case, leaders can fully trust their subordinates that help them assigning complex tasks to them. Every leaders of Google use specific tactics for improvement of their team. In this way, many new leaders are formed in the organization. Employees get recognition along with appraisal with their improved level of performances (Carter et al. 2013). Concerns of the theory in the organization Apart from having positive aspects of the leadership model, there are many disadvantages and criticisms related to it. The concerns of this practice are faced not only by the leaders but also by the subordinates and organization as a whole. The role of leader and followers of Google are very different. The key responsibilities of a manager are more than that of supporters of the company. It is the duty of the leader to check the performance of the team. The supervisors often find wrong talent and forecast them in front of the senior management. It is a very negative drawback of the LMX theory (Harris et al. 2014). The supervisors must have in-depth knowledge about the each detail of the team members along with the designated work to the team. Failure in understanding the nature of the organization can result in disastrous results. Google professionals have to undergo many professional developmental programs for gaining perfection in their work. It is mentioned earlier that the compan y runs on innovation. Human resource department of Google hires real talent from different parts of a nation for a particular job designation (Govindan et al. 2015). In many circumstances, it can be noticed that lack of communication between the team member results in lower degree of LMX theory implementation at organizational level. Apprehension in the field of communication is found to be an inhibitor in maintaining relationships between leaders and subordinates. However, once a problem is found in Google, the management of the company tries to solve it as soon as possible. Otherwise, it can hamper mindset of other employees along with productivity of the enterprise. Another disadvantage of this theory is giving preference to preferred employees that is unjustified. Supervisors often prefer their favorite executives unknowingly in a particular assigned task due to biasness. It results in negative impression of the leader in the team. However, negative concerns in a company like Google are very hard to find, but miscommunication can be occurred in every organization. Proper communication channel among every level of employees along with understa nding of companys vision and mission is the available solutions for leaders and organization as a whole to mitigate problems (Churchland and Kiani 2016). Utilization of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory LMX is a descriptive theory that suggests that it is significant to find out the existence of the out-groups and in-groups within the company. Gu et al. (2015) mentioned that, this is the only leadership approach that makes dyadic relationship as the centerpiece of the leadership process. It shows the importance of communication in leadership approaches. According to Islam et al. (2013), the implementation of Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory in the company Google has decreased the turnover intention of its employees. It has also decreased the role conflict within the organization. It has also increased the attitudinal and perceptual outcome for the organization. The LMX theory helps to assess the degree to which followers and leaders in the organization have mutual respects towards each others capabilities. It helps to develop a strong sense of obligation for one another. In this organization the in-group followers work as the advisers or assistances for the leaders. It enables hi gh-quality personalized exchanges with leaders rather than out-group followers in Google. These exchanges include emphasis of the leader on projects to interesting tasks, information sharing, delegation of important task to followers and taking advice from followers while taking important decisions (Forgang 2015). 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